Disorders

Rajkumar and Kumar propose revised diagnostic criteria for plasma cell leukaemia; calls for updating circulating plasma cell threshold from 20% to 5%, aligning with IMWG 2021 consensus and reflecting biological evidence.

Phenotype-driven review of peripheral neuropathies associated with plasma cell dyscrasias (MGUS, myeloma, Waldenstrom, POEMS, AL amyloid); clinical, electrodiagnostic, and serologic features.

Reviews AL amyloidosis neuropathy caused by misfolded immunoglobulin light chains secreted by clonal plasmocytes; diagnosis and treatment with anti-plasmocyte therapy.

Clinical guideline. 2026 Chinese consensus on MM diagnosis, staging (IMWG R-ISS), and treatment including triplet induction, ASCT eligibility, and maintenance; reflects current global standards adapted to the Chinese healthcare context.

Primary, human. Neutrophils from MM patients show impaired phagocytosis and oxidative burst; elevated plasma G-CSF correlates with neutrophil dysfunction. Relevant to the bone marrow niche context and the inflammatory microenvironment surrounding plasma cells. CC BY.

Case report. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx treated by transoral microlaryngoscopic endoscopic surgery (TOMES); 5-year follow-up, no progression to myeloma. Documents the extramedullary plasmocyte phenotype outside bone marrow.

Single-cell RNA and BCR sequencing across IgM MGUS, smoldering WM, and symptomatic WM; lower-risk stages harbor multiple B-cell clones where symptomatic WM does not. CD9 and JCHAIN mark the dominant clone, with CD9 preferentially expressed in plasma cell-like tumor cells. MYD88 and IGLL5 mutations found in minor clones. Reinforces that clone size and plasmocyte differentiation pressure distinguish MGUS from overt disease.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is the rarest and most aggressive end of the myeloma spectrum. Retrospective multi-center analysis; randomized trial data are absent and treatment guidance rests on retrospective series. Reports outcomes by consolidation strategy. Outcomes remain poor; illustrates how far the plasmocyte sits from its normal secreting self at the extreme of malignant transformation.

Revised exclusion thresholds for serum FLC ratio; cites IMWG normal range 0.26 to 1.65. Full text verified.

Non-secretory myeloma, non-producing phenotype, presenting as plasma cell leukaemia with plasmablast morphology. Demonstrates that absence of M-protein does not exclude myeloma.

Comprehensive review of current and emerging biomarkers (genomic, proteomic, imaging) for detecting MGUS/SMM progression, emphasizing the need for integrated multimodal monitoring.

341 individuals; 5 malignant transcriptional archetypes plus a proliferative program, validated in CoMMpass. FCRL2 nominated as a CAR T target on malignant plasmocytes.

Primary, human. Identifies an atypical effector B cell population that differentiates extrafollicularly during SARS-CoV-2 infection and drives autoantibody production; distinct from classical plasma cells in transcriptional profile. Relevant to twin's pathological states (extrafollicular differentiation route).

Current review of MGUS: diagnostic criteria, risk stratification, progression rates, and management. Light-chain MGUS defined by FLC ratio less than 0.26 or greater than 1.65.

PYGO2 on 1q21 tracks 1q copy number in CD138-positive plasmocytes; high levels associate with shorter PFS and OS; knockdown raises carfilzomib and bortezomib sensitivity.

MALDI-FT-ICR mass spectrometry imaging on FFPE marrow biopsies; myeloma niches show elevated 3-hydroxykynurenine, rewired tryptophan-kynurenine flux, and increased nucleotide and bioactive lipid metabolism; niche metabolism diverges between MGUS-like marrows and myeloma. Preprint posted Research Square Feb 2026 (PMID 41756448, same study).

CD20-negative aggressive lymphoma; EBER and MYC rearrangement frequent. Adverse: age 60 or more, advanced stage, high IPI. EPOCH recommended; bortezomib or daratumumab may add.

Primary, human colon. Spatial proteomics shows that mitochondrial dysfunction in colonic epithelium co-localises with loss of IgA-secreting plasma cells in the lamina propria in Crohn's disease; proposes energy competition between epithelial cells and plasma cells for shared niche metabolites. CC BY (PMC12901160).

Develops AI-based risk stratification models integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data to predict MGUS/SMM progression beyond standard clinical markers.

Systematic review with meta-analysis of patients meeting SLiM biomarker criteria; documents outcomes under current treatment paradigms.

Practical management framework: risk stratification by M-protein level, FLC ratio, and Ig subtype; monitoring intervals by risk tier.

2014 revision: added SLiM biomarkers (60% BMPC, FLC ratio 100 or more, MRI focal lesion) to CRAB criteria; changed diagnostic landscape for smoldering myeloma.