Publications

Review (Chinese). Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in human bone marrow are CD19-CD38hiCD138+; they express higher CXCR4, IL-6R, BCMA, CD27, and CD38 than short-lived plasma cells. Reviews survival niche signals (IL-6, APRIL, CXCL12), metabolic adaptations, and the distinction between LLPC and short-lived subsets.

Review. Tumor-infiltrating plasma cells (TIPCs) arise in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) where B cells undergo activation, maturation, and class-switch recombination. Their functional orientation (pro- or anti-tumor) depends on antibody isotype and TLS maturity. Relevant to plasma cell tissue distribution and the extramedullary state.

Primary, human (multi-organ single-cell atlas). B1-like innate B cells with natural antibody secretion capacity reside in adult human organs (gut, liver, kidney) in homeostasis; distinct from conventional B2 plasma cells but functionally overlap in IgM production. Relevant to natural antibody output and tissue-resident plasma cell context.

Review. Catalogues rare morphological variants of plasma cell neoplasms: plasmablastic, pleomorphic/anaplastic, CD20+, CD3+, and EBV+ forms. Documents the diagnostic separation between mature myeloma, plasmablastic lymphoma, and other lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation using CD38, CD138, CD19, and cyclin D1 markers.

Primary, mouse. The autoimmune regulator Aire acts cell-intrinsically in natural IgM-secreting plasma cells (B-1 lineage) to restrict autoreactive output; Aire-deficient mice accumulate IgM-secreting cells with autoreactive specificities. Extends the plasma cell longevity and tolerance framework.

Case report + review. Documents circulating plasmablasts and plasma cells in acute dengue: appear from day 2, peak around day 6 at up to 5% of peripheral blood leukocytes, disappear by day 12, co-incident with platelet nadir. High-fluorescence cell signal on analyzer scattergram; morphology mimics plasma cell dyscrasia. Relevant to the plasmo news section and current events. CC BY 4.0.

BLIMP1 regulates UPR components including XBP-1 and ATF6; required for plasmablast to plasma cell maturation. Classic paper in the differentiation hierarchy.

Blimp-1 as master coordinator of plasma cell differentiation; acts upstream of XBP-1; required for terminal differentiation from activated B cell.

XBP1 specifically required for late plasma cell differentiation events; not required for memory B cell development, separating these two fates.

Identifies CD138/CD31 co-expression as marking long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in primate; supports CD138 (syndecan-1) as the primary IHC marker for plasma cell enumeration.

Reviews how heterogeneous plasma cell populations differ in survival potential and maturity within the bone marrow niche, with implications for vaccine durability and autoimmunity.

Review. Covers the selection signals that determine whether a GC B cell exits as a memory B cell or a plasma cell: affinity threshold, T follicular helper signals, cytokine environment, and BLIMP1 induction timing. Directly relevant to twin's differentiation rate and plasma cell output from GC. CC BY (PMC13527179).

Multiomics (RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, methylation) on IgM, IgG, IgA ASCs after influenza in mice; each isotype carries a distinct program, proposed as distinct lineages.

Primary. Shows that IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody-secreting plasma cells are not a single population but distinct cell lineages defined by different epigenetic states and transcription factor usage. Relevant to the isotype selector in the twin control panel and to sections on IgA vs IgG vs IgM secretory rates. CC BY-NC; text only.

Editorial introducing a research topic on ASC maturity and longevity: frames heterogeneity as a spectrum, not a binary long-lived vs short-lived distinction.

Primary, mouse and human. Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and non-canonical UPR branch (ATF6) act together to clear aberrant mRNA and misfolded protein in antibody-secreting cells at maximal secretory rates. Relevant to the ER quality control rate in the twin and to the lysosome-proteasome entry in model-info.json.

Review examining transcriptional, epigenetic, functional, and niche-related heterogeneity within the plasmocyte compartment; argues against treating plasma cells as a uniform population.

Review. Documents plasma cell heterogeneity across five axes: ontogeny (GC vs extrafollicular), isotype, tissue compartment, maturation state, and disease state. Directly relevant to the twin's state selector and to summary.md sections on plasma cell diversity. CC BY (PMC13199039).

Annual review summarizing 2025 key advances in plasma cell biology including niche survival factors, longevity mechanisms, and connections to antibody-mediated immunity.

Review, Immunity 2026. Comprehensive review of plasma cell biology: germinal center vs extrafollicular origin, short-lived vs long-lived fates, isotype class, tissue niche occupancy, and lifespan measurements. Central reference for the twin; covers the distinct secretory rates per isotype and per anatomical compartment.

Genome-wide pooled CRISPR screen in differentiated plasma cells; identifies regulators of IgG secretion beyond the canonical XBP1-IRE1alpha UPR axis. Novel hits include metabolic and proteostasis genes. Relevant to the twin because it maps the gene network that sets the secretion rate range (100 to 10,000 mol/s).

Primary, mouse and human cell lines. Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies genes whose loss reduces Ig secretion rate in plasma cells. Hits include N-glycosylation pathway components, ER calcium channels, and UPR effectors. Directly relevant to twin rate parameters for Ig synthesis and ER quality control rates.

Review of new tools to study LLPC: fate-mapping, single-cell barcoding, organ-on-a-chip BM niches, and epigenetic profiling. Frames durable vaccine responses as requiring LLPC establishment in BM. Covers how current adjuvant strategies influence LLPC seeding.

Review. Summarises technologies for studying and targeting long-lived plasma cells: single-cell RNA-seq atlases, in vivo depletion strategies, niche-factor blockade, and CAR-T approaches. Relevant to the longevity slider and the survival niche model; identifies unresolved questions about niche capacity that shape twin parameter ranges. CC BY (PMC12920446).

Review. History and current state of mouse models for studying ASC biology; covers key discoveries from adoptive transfer experiments to single-cell atlases. Useful reference for understanding which twin parameters derive from mouse data and which from human. CC BY.

Primary, mouse. Maps the epigenetic transitions that accompany plasma cell differentiation within germinal centers: H3K27me3-mediated silencing of B cell genes, activation of secretory pathway genes, and concurrent metabolic shift to support Ig synthesis. Shows that epigenetic reprogramming is a prerequisite rather than a consequence of transcription factor action.

Primary, preprint. Microfluidic capture assay measures IgG secretion from individual plasma cells; reports secretion rates at single-cell resolution in human bone marrow-derived plasma cells. Directly relevant to the twin's Ig secretion rate parameter and to the per-cell antibody output figure in model-info.json.

Review. Documents the lifespan and phenotype of IgE plasma cells: shorter-lived than IgG bone marrow plasma cells, dependent on IL-33 and TSLP from mucosal epithelia. Complements the longevity slider and the IgE isotype entry.

Primary. Quantitative reconstruction of the ER-to-Golgi secretory pathway in plasma cells; identifies rate-limiting steps in antibody glycosylation and vesicular transport. Provides sourced rates for the twin's ER processing and Golgi throughput parameters.

2025 review of Russell bodies (cytoplasmic Ig spherules) and Mott cells (plasma cells with grape-like morular pattern of Ig-filled vacuoles) in myeloma.

Human, clinical. Immunopurification followed by LC-MS to characterise monoclonal Ig from BM plasma cells. Technical method paper; documents that BM plasma cells produce characterisable Ig that can be resolved per cell in clinical samples. Context for the twin: the 150 kDa IgG mass used in the amino acid import derivation (1,323 aa) is consistent with the Ig species this method resolves. Not a source for rates.

Preprint (2023, bioRxiv). Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human bone marrow plasma cells. Maps maturation states from newly arrived ASCs to long-lived BM plasma cells. Identifies survival pathway activation signatures (NF-kappaB, APRIL signaling, UPR) as maturation markers. Complements Nguyen DC 2025 (PMID 40963623) by providing the transcriptomic architecture behind the secretion rate gradient the twin displays.

Documents Waldeyer 1875 (term coined, attribution disputed), Marshalko 1895 (morphological definition), Fagraeus 1947 (antibody secretion proved), Coons 1955 (fluorescent confirmation).

Image correspondence demonstrating Russell body accumulation in a light chain myeloma case; clinical context for the morphologic variant.